# The claims, compound by compound

> Peptide Empire’s catalogue of claims — Peptide Empire compares five sets of ambitions with their measured outcomes: weight and organ disease, sepsis survival, hormones, NAD+ and sexual desire.

**The catalogue**

The field looks different once weight change, mortality, blood hormones and desire stop competing for the same headline.

## The ambitions alongside the results

I cannot rank semaglutide, thymosin, CJC-1295, NAD+ and PT-141 as if they were rival treatments. They concern different problems, and their studies count different things. This catalogue is the comparison that seems worthwhile: how far each ambition has travelled into a direct test.

| Subject | What the published results establish |
|---|---|
| [Semaglutide](/semaglutide) | [Weight change in STEP 1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567185/), [cardiovascular outcomes in SELECT](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37952131/) and [the kidney composite in FLOW](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38785209/) concern distinct patient groups. |
| [Thymosin Alpha-1](/thymosin-alpha-1) | [TESTS found no significant 28-day survival benefit in adults with sepsis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39814420/). Immune-cell effects remain a separate part of the literature. |
| [CJC-1295](/cjc-1295) | [Early healthy-adult work established prolonged growth-hormone and IGF-1 elevations](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/). Sleep, recovery and muscle benefits await direct clinical proof. |
| [NAD+](/nad) | [Oral NR raised blood NAD+](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31278280/); [a small NMN trial improved muscle insulin sensitivity](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/). Human longevity remains unproved. |
| [PT-141](/pt-141) | [RECONNECT found average gains in desire and reduced desire-related distress](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/) in premenopausal women with HSDD. |

The differences are the substance of the story. A laboratory marker can be a useful result in its own right. A claim about surviving illness or functioning better has to carry that additional burden.

## Approval and the actual preparation

Semaglutide and bremelanotide have approved medicines with specified uses. Thymalfasin has approvals abroad and lacks United States marketing approval. CJC-1295 is not approved for human use. NAD+ has no drug approval, and most controlled evidence discussed here concerns oral precursors.

The [bremelanotide label](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8c9607a2-5b57-4a59-b159-cf196deebdd9) and [semaglutide safety review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34305810/) illustrate how benefit, adverse effects and a defined clinical use fit together. A different preparation with the same ingredient name has its own quality and evidence questions.

## The next expansion worth testing

Direct measures of sleep and recovery would come first on my CJC-1295 research agenda. For NAD+ precursors, longer studies of daily function and measurements within tissues would address gaps identified by the [human clinical review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41083806/). For thymosin, the question needs to name the illness after the large null sepsis result.

Ambition is useful when it produces a precise experiment. After all those expanding claims, I would happily settle for a clear answer about one of them.

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Peptide Empire audits how peptide claims cross from mechanism into medicine; it is an independent literature digest, not clinical direction.